Reprint from The Nobel Prize https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/king/biographical/
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. Martin Luther King Jr. The Nobel Peace Prize 1964: Born: 15 January 1929, Atlanta, GA, USA
Died: 4 April 1968, Memphis, TN, USA
Residence at the time of the award: USA. Role: Leader of “Southern Christian Leadership Conference” Prize motivation: “for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population.”
For Civil Rights and Social Justice
Martin Luther King dreamt that all inhabitants of the United States would be judged by their personal qualities and not by the color of their skin. In April 1968 he was murdered by a white racist. Four years earlier, he had received the Peace Prize for his nonviolent campaign against racism.
King adhered to Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence. In 1955 he began his struggle to persuade the US Government to declare the policy of racial discrimination in the southern states unlawful. The racists responded with violence to the black people’s nonviolent initiatives.
In 1963, 250,000 demonstrators marched to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, where King gave his famous “I have a dream” speech. The following year, President Johnson got a law passed prohibiting all racial discrimination.
But King had powerful opponents. The head of the FBI, John Edgar Hoover, had him placed under surveillance as a communist, and when King opposed the administration’s policy in Vietnam, he fell into disfavour with the President. It has still not been ascertained whether King’s murderer acted on his own or was part of a conspiracy.
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